Excerpts from Mississippi's Comprehensive Wildlife Conservation Strategy (CWCS) applicable to Private Landowners.
QUICK LINKS TO SECTIONS OF THIS DOCUMENT:
Introduction

Mississippi's CWCS Ecoregions

• East Gulf Coastal Plain
• Mississippi River Alluvial Plain
• North Gulf of Mexico
• Upper East Gulf Coastal Plain
  
  Mississippi's Species of Greatest Conservation Need (SGCN)
• Table of Mississippi's SGCN
• Description of SGCN Table

INTRODUCTION
Mississippi's Comprehensive Wildlife Conservation Strategy (CWCS) is part of a national collaborative effort among natural resource agencies, conservation organizations, corporations and private landowners to address habitat needs of declining wildlife species. These strategies mark the first time in U.S. history that state wildlife agencies and the broader conservation community have cooperated to design a conservation blueprint for all wildlife species.

Since the early 1990s, the 3,000-member nationwide Teaming with Wildlife Coalition has worked to secure funding for state fish and wildlife agencies to take preventative actions, keeping rare species from becoming endangered and common species abundant. In 2001, Congress responded to this need by creating the State Wildlife Grants (SWG) program and from 2001 - 2005, over $300 million has been allocated to state wildlife agencies.

In order to make the best use of the State Wildlife Grants (SWG) program, Congress charged each state and territory with developing a CWCS. Over a three year period, the Mississippi Department of Wildlife, Fisheries and Parks (MDWFP) has coordinated this effort on behalf of the state of Mississippi to meet congressional requirements and to provide a "conservation blueprint" for agencies, organizations, industries, private landowners and academics across the state to advance sound management of all of our fish and wildlife resources in the future. The overarching goal of this planning effort is to provide a guide to effective and efficient long-term conservation of Mississippi's biological diversity.

MISSISSIPPI'S CWCS ECOREGIONS
What is an ecoregion?
Ecoregions are commonly considered to be large areas distinguished from surrounding regions by differing biotic and environmental factors and/or ecological processes. Factors that are generally used to distinguish these large regions from one another include differences in climate, physical geography, soils, species or communities.

East Gulf Coastal Plain Ecoregion
The East Gulf Coastal Plain (EGCP) ecoregion includes portions of five states (Georgia, Florida, Alabama, Mississippi and Louisiana) and over 42 million acres. It stretches from southwest Georgia across the Florida panhandle and west to southeastern Louisiana. The ecoregion has a diversity of ecological systems, ranging from sandhills and rolling longleaf pine-dominated uplands to pine flatwoods and savannas, seepage bogs and bottomland hardwood forests. The meager topographic and soil diversity of the EGCP suggests an area of low biodiversity and endemism, yet the ecoregion is one of the biologically richest in North America. Many species, particularly vascular plants, reptiles, amphibians and fishes occur only in this ecoregion and many of those are even more narrowly limited within the ecoregion.

This ecoregion is physically characterized by subtle topography, a warm to hot, humid maritime climate, and soils derived primarily from unconsolidated sands, silts and clays transported to the ecoregion by the weathering of the Appalachian Mountains. Other features include a high percentage of land area in wetlands, a dominant role of frequent fire over the majority of the landscape, a diversity of river and stream systems, limited but important karst areas, and significant large scale disturbance events such as hurricanes.

This ecoregion experiences high species richness, species endemism and community diversity in terrestrial, freshwater and aquatic systems. Part of the reason for this is that the ecoregion has never been glaciated, and has been continuously occupied by plants and animals since the Cretaceous period, giving ample time for the evolution of narrow endemic species.

The dominant ecological drivers of the terrestrial systems are soils (texture and chemistry), fire frequency and hydrology. While habitats in the EGCP include barrier island systems with annualdominated beaches, maritime grasslands and scrub, maritime shrub hammocks, and evergreen forests (both broadleaf and needleleaf) these habitats have been classified as part of the Northern Gulf of Mexico Ecoregion (NGM) for the purpose of this CWCS. Inland, longleaf pine woodlands are dominant over most of the landscape, on upland and wetland sites and a wide variety of soils. These pinelands (sandhills, clayhills, flatwoods and savannas) support a tremendous diversity of plant and animal species: most of them unique to these systems. Embedded in these pinelands, specialized patch communities such as seepage bogs, treeless "savannas" and "prairies", and seasonally flooded depression ponds provide rich habitat for plants, amphibians, and invertebrates. Imperiled plant species are concentrated in fire-maintained pinelands (wetland and upland) and associated seepage bogs. While many imperiled animal species also occur in these communities, there are also significant concentrations in aquatic and bottomland systems.

The freshwater aquatic systems of the EGCP are among the most significant and at-risk aquatic biodiversity resources in North America, particularly for fish and mussel species. Each of these groups has unique biodiversity resources. Many aquatic animals are endemic to the ecoregion, and many are restricted to a single river system and its tributaries. Thus, conservation of aquatic biodiversity in the EGCP requires conservation of most of the river systems. In addition, the EGCP supports a range of bottomland hardwood forests and cypress-gum swamps, as well as many lakes and natural ponds.

What is the current status of EGCP biodiversity? The pineland ecosystem (consisting of fire-maintained longleaf pine and slash pine woodlands and their associated seepage bogs and depression wetlands) once dominated a string of ecoregions from southeastern Virginia to eastern Texas. This system has now been reduced to less than five percent of its former range, making it one of the most endangered landscapes in North America. Not only have these pineland ecosystems been directly reduced in extent, but remaining areas are also fragmented and many suffer from the exclusion of fire, a critical ecological process for their maintenance and health. Aquatic systems have been severely affected by hydrologic alterations, pollution and introduction of non-native species. Most of the hundreds of species endemic to the ecoregion, many of which were never common, have been further imperiled by these changes.

The following habitat types described in Chapter IV of this CWCS can be found in the EGCP ecoregion:

• Dry- Mesic Upland Forests/Woodlands
• Agriculture Fields, Hay and Pasture Lands, Old Fields, Prairies, Cedar Glades and Pine Plantations
• Wet Pine Savannas/Flatwoods
• Mesic Upland Forests
• Bottomland Hardwood Forests
• Riverfront Forest/Herblands/Sandbars
• Spring Seeps
• Bogs
• Inland Freshwater Marshes
• Swamp Forests
• Lacustrine Communities
• Streams
• Urban and Suburban Lands
• Rock Outcrops and Caves

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Mississippi River Alluvial Plain Ecoregion
The Mississippi River Alluvial Plain (MSRAP) is a 23,968,700 acre ecoregion that includes several uplands and most of the Atchafalaya Basin, but excludes the Red and Ouachita River Alluvial Plains and coastal areas south of the forested portions of the Atchafalaya Basin. Its most defining feature is the Mississippi River which flows south over the Mississippi Embayment, a structural trough in the earth's crust that, over the past 100 to 200 million years, has thrust alternately upward and downward relative to the sea. MSRAP is a geologically complex area, with Coastal Plain sediments having been deposited by a retreating Gulf of Mexico during the Tertiary Period of the Cenozoic Era. The melting of the glaciers during the Pleistocene forced the upper Midwest and the current Ohio River Basin to drain southward and, over time, form the modern-day Mississippi River. Retreating glaciers left behind glacial outwash that, through time, was reworked by the energy of the river and overlaid by deep alluvium deposited through annual overbank flooding. Several distinct landforms in MSRAP represent an accumulation of coarse, glacial sediments that have not been fully subjected to the erosional forces of big river systems, and thus remain tens of feet above floodplain elevations. Crowley's Ridge in Arkansas is hundreds of feet above the floodplain and is comprised of Tertiary deposits. Well-drained, highly-erodable, windblown deposits (loess) originating from glacial outwash are characteristic of these landforms. Upland pine hardwood plant communities and, in areas of clay-pan formation, prairie communities, characterize these upland areas.

The bottomland hardwood forest is by far the dominant natural plant component of MSRAP. It is maintained by regular back- and headwater flood events and localized ponding on poorly drained soils. Headwater or mainstem flooding results from rainstorms over the watersheds of the Mississippi's tributaries, and produces the great spring floods characteristic of MSRAP. Backwater flooding is a phenomenon in which high water stages on the Mississippi River create a damming effect, preventing tributary drainage into the mainstem and at times reversing tributary flow upstream. As a result, longduration flooding accompanied by sediment and nutrient deposition occurs throughout the associated tributary watersheds.

Concomitant to these flooding mechanisms are the hydrogeomorphic processes associated with meandering river systems. The high energy inherent in the Mississippi River and its tributaries once sculpted the landscape, producing a surface geomorphology comprised of natural levees, meander scar (oxbow) lakes, point bars and ridge and swale topography. Site conditions within MSRAP range from permanently flooded areas supporting only emergent or floating aquatic vegetation to high elevation sites that support climax hardwood forests. The distribution of bottomland hardwood communities within the floodplains of the Mississippi River and its tributaries is determined by timing, frequency and duration of flooding. Elevational differences of only a few inches result in great differences in soil saturation characteristics and thus the species of plants that grow there. As a result, much variability exists within a bottomland hardwood ecosystem, ranging from the bald cypress/tupelo swamp community that develops on frequently inundated sites with permanently saturated soils, to the cherrybark oak/pecan community found on the sites subjected to temporary flooding. Between these rather distinct community types are the more transitional, less distinguishable overcup oak/water hickory, elm/ash/hackberry and sweetgum/red oak communities.

In time, and in response to sediment texture, deposition rates and quantities, plant communities characteristic of MSRAP undergo ecological succession from pioneer communities dominated by black willow or cottonwood (depending on soil drainage characteristics) to red oak and finally white oak dominated climax community. But other disturbances also influence plant community distribution. Both human- and naturally-induced disturbances, such as ice storms, hurricanes, beaver activity, hydrologic alteration and silvicultural practices, greatly influence the rate and direction of succession. There is emerging thought that the dynamic nature of this water- and sediment-driven system, coupled with frequent disturbance, historically precluded, in most cases, the development or long-term viability of a closed canopy of senescent trees, or a community commonly thought of as old-growth. The presettlement forests of MSRAP were likely a shifting mosaic of even-aged small patches of all-ages, further defined by minute differences in elevation and tolerances among a large number of woody plants.

The diversity of forests and other habitat characterizing the historic landscape provided an extraordinary habitat for a range of species utilizing MSRAP. River floodplain systems are highly productive and provide exceptional habitat for a variety of vertebrates including foraging and spawning fish, amphibians and reptiles. Over 240 fish species, 45 species of reptiles and amphibians and 37 species of mussels depend on the river and floodplain system of MSRAP. In addition, 50 species of mammals and approximately 60 percent of all bird species in the contiguous United States currently utilize the Mississippi River and its tributaries and/or their associated floodplains.

The following habitat types described in Chapter IV of this CWCS can be found in the MSRAP ecoregion:

• Agriculture Fields, Hay and Pasture Lands, Old Fields, Prairies, Cedar Glades and Pine Plantations
• Bottomland Hardwood Forests
• Riverfront Forests/Herblands/Sandbars
• Inland Freshwater Marshes
• Swamp Forests
• Lacustrine Communities
• Streams
• Urban and Suburban Lands

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Northern Gulf of Mexico Ecoregion
The Northern Gulf of Mexico (NGM) ecoregion extends from Anclote Keys, Florida to the southern extent of the Laguna Madre de Temaulipas in Mexico. It is a rich and productive subtropical system that supports some of the most extensive wetland and seagrass habitats in the world. Much of the nearshore waters of the Gulf are divided into bay and estuarine systems behind barrier islands, which form a ring of sites around the NGM. For the purposes of this CWCS habitats including barrier island systems with annual-dominated beaches, maritime grasslands and scrub, maritime forests have been classified as part of the NGM ecoregion. These grade through salt marshes to productive estuaries.

In Mississippi, the NGN borders the EGCP and is completely coincident with it. TNC has divided the ecoregion into three broad subregions for planning purposes. Mississippi falls within the Central Gulf of Mexico region which runs from Galveston Bay, Texas to Mobile Bay, Alabama. This region is characterized by extremely high levels of riverine input. Freshwater and sediments from the Mississippi River and to a lesser extent freshwater entering through Mobile Bay determine the characteristics of nearshore waters in this region. Coastal waters are generally variable in salinity, and water clarity is low because of the sediment load. Bottom sediments tend to be fine clays and muds. These conditions are ideal for the growth of marshes and oyster reefs.

The drainage basin for the Gulf extends from the Appalachians to the Rockies. It contains nearly 60 percent of the land area of the continental United States, including some the most fertile lands in the world. This productive drainage makes the Gulf one of the primary producers of finfish and shellfish in the United States. However, because much of this land is in agricultural use, fertilizers, herbicides and pesticides threaten the productivity of the Gulf.

The NGM is a productive environment. In 1997, the estimated commercial value of the finfish and shellfish harvest was $823 million.

The Gulf is ranked as the top region in the country for seafood harvest in both poundage and monetary value. Much of the productivity of this region is believed to have its origins in the productivity of the nearshore marshes and seagrasses, because these habitats serve as nurseries for juveniles, and/or simply because they are the source of vast amounts of carbon and nutrients.

Estuarine, seagrass and marsh environments, which are in abundance in the NGM, are estimated to be ten times more valuable to humans than any terrestrial habitat for ecosystem services like food production, recreation and nutrient cycling.

The following habitat types described in Chapter IV of this CWCS can be found in the NGM ecoregion:

• Streams
• Upland Maritime and Estuarine Fringe Habitats
• Estuary and Mississippi Sound (Inside or Associated with the Barrier Islands)
• Marine Habitats
• Urban and Suburban Lands

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Upper East Gulf Plain Ecoregion
The Upper East Gulf Coastal Plain (UEGCP) ecoregion encompasses 33,861,051 acres. This large ecoregion ranges from southern Illinois, western Kentucky and Tennessee, throughout much of Mississippi, east to Alabama and a limited area of Georgia and southeastern Louisiana. The region is bounded on the west by the MSRAP and on the north by the Ohio River, and Tennessee River. The eastern margin occurs at the contact point with older rocks of the Piedmont and Southern Ridge and Valley. This region has rugged terrain and hilly topography In addition, the southern boundary approximates the range limits of major potential natural vegetation types oak-hickory-pine to the north, and southern mixed hardwood forests to the south.

Coastal and fluvial processes have considerably reworked the land surface of the region. Approximately 70 million years ago, the area would have been around 4,000 foot elevation. However, the earth's crust sagged forming the Mississippi Embayment. During the Tertiary and Cretaceous periods the Embayment trough was repeatedly invaded by shallow seas leaving behind hundreds of meters of sediments that occupy broad bands approximately paralleling the Gulf of Mexico. The result is a region of belted character, in the form of inner lowlands and cuestas and other low-ridge landforms.

The upper Mississippi Embayment is underlain by an ancient, buried rift zone. This buried rift has acted as a "zone of weakness" in the continental crust and serves to localize earthquake activity in the central United States. There have been many large magnitude earthquakes and abundant seismic activity in the region. The New Madrid earthquake (1811-1812) was among the strongest earthquakes in recorded United States history, resulting in up to nine feet of land subsidence in the upper part of the region. Further south, the geologic structure of the region has been affected by the presence of underground salt in the form of salt plugs, domes, and basins. The Mississippi Interior Salt Basin, which extends into this region, has extensive hydrocarbon reserves that are still largely undeveloped.

Throughout the region, soils are generally acidic with appreciable amounts of clay present. Ultisols, deeply leached and low in nutrients, are the dominant soil order. Alfisols, less weathered and greater in fertility, are present in more limited areas, especially associated with loess deposits (a unique type of windblown silt). Large quantities of loess were probably carried by wind from exposed sediments of the Mississippi River floodplain and deposited on adjacent uplands during the late Pleistocene and early Holocene. Loess eventually covered much of the underlying topography under a thick blanket deepest along the western edge and thinning abruptly eastward. Vertisols (soils with shrink-swell properties due, in part, to especially high clay content) are uncommon in the southeastern coastal plain but are present in limited areas of the Black Belt where they were derived from marl and chalk residues.

The UEGCP overlaps several distinctive aquatic ecoregions. The majority of this region has been considered a priority for freshwater species conservation due to the richness of the fauna present. For example, rivers in this region provide habitat for over 206 native fish species.

The region also supports relatively large numbers of crayfish and mussel species despite heavily disturbed conditions in many areas that have likely reduced faunal diversity. The bulk of the regions' rivers, especially the Mississippi tributaries, have been channelized and/or subjected to headcutting and heavy sedimentation.

The region includes a diverse assemblage of streams that vary in size, origin, and geology. Particularly noteworthy rivers of this region include the Hatchie, the longest free flowing tributary in the lower Mississippi River valley and tributaries of the Pascagoula, America's longest unencumbered river. The potential natural vegetation of the UEGCP may be characterized as broad bands of different composition that roughly parallel the coast. From south to north these include southern mixed forests, oak-hickory-pine forests, and oak-hickory forests, interrupted by occasional southern floodplain forests and black belt prairies.

Southern mixed forests and oak-hickory-pine forests, the two predominant types in terms of area occupied, are recognized by the presence of longleaf pine and shortleaf pine. Although longleaf forests and woodlands were the dominant vegetation type of the southeastern United States coastal plain, they occur in only limited areas of this region, extending landward into the UEGCP by only about 50 miles. Northward, longleaf pine is replaced by shortleaf pine.

Bluffs along the eastern edge of the Mississippi River, such as those around Vicksburg, are covered with up to 200 feet of loess. A number of factors account for the development and maintenance of precipitous cliffs and ravines where loess is deepest. The vegetation of these loess bluffs is often richer than surrounding areas due to the fertile topsoil and abundant moisture. In many cases, the bluffs provide habitat for plant species that are rare or absent from other parts of the Coastal Plain. In addition, the bluffs constituted a major refugium for mesophytic plant species, now generally more common to the north, during the last glaciation.

Blackland Prairies occur in two discrete areas of the ecoregion: the Jackson Prairie and the Black Belt (see Northeast Prairie subtype in this CWCS). These areas are among the distinct topographic regions in the state of Mississippi. At their closest point, 65 miles separate the formations supporting the two prairie types. The Black Belt is the larger of the two regions, stretching approximately 300 miles across Mississippi and into adjacent parts of central Alabama. This region, generally 25-30 miles wide, derives its name from the nearly black, rich topsoil that developed over Selma Chalk. Both areas have typically calcareous soils and were formerly occupied by natural grasslands and associated vegetation.

The broad forest cover composition also differs between parts of the region. While the percentage of total area occupied by deciduous forests is relatively evenly distributed across the region, mixed and evergreen forests (each generally including a component of pine species) are much less common overall in both the Black Belt and the North Unit (North of the Mississippi-Tennessee state line). The reasons for this pattern are most obvious in the case of the North Unit, most of which lies outside the natural range of the southern pine species (loblolly, shortleaf, longleaf) commonly encountered this ecoregion. The lack of evergreen forests in the Black Belt is more complex, but is likely due to the poor suitability of the predominantly calcareous soils for pine growth.

The composition of the ecoregion's forests is also changing. Vast acreages of the region are being converted to pine plantations, in many cases at the expense of either existing deciduous or mixed forests, constituting one of the most consequential forestry developments in the region in the last four decades.

The following habitat types described in Chapter IV of this CWCS can be found in the UEGCP ecoregion:

• Dry-Mesic Upland Forests/Woodlands
• Agriculture Fields, Hay and Pasture Lands, Old Fields, Prairies, Cedar Glades and Pine Plantations
• Mesic Upland Forests
• Bottomland Hardwood Forests
• Riverfront Forests/Herblands/Sandbars
• Inland Freshwater Marshes
• Swamp Forests
• Lacustrine Communities
• Streams
• Urban and Suburban Lands
• Rock Outcrops and Caves

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MISSISSIPPI'S SPECIES OF GREATEST CONSERVATION NEED (SGCN)
The 297 species identified for this iteration of Mississippi’s SGCN includes 18 amphibians, 70 birds, 34 crustaceans, 74 fish, 17 mammals, 49 mussels and 35 reptiles. These are organized by taxonomic group and Tier level. The Federal and State protection status and NHP state rank is also listed for each applicable species.

Please note that gastropods, insects, marine fish and invertebrates were not evaluated for inclusion in the development of this SGCN because of the lack of data available to sufficiently evaluate their status. This is not an indication of lack of conservation concern for species within these groups, but rather an acknowledgement that thorough basic survey work must be accomplished first.

Criteria for Selecting and Prioritizing Mississippi's Species of Greatest Conservation Need
Each species is assigned a rank representing its status in the state (SRANK). A guide to ranking criteria and symbols follows:

• S1: Critically imperiled in Mississippi because of extreme rarity or because of some factor(s) making it vulnerable to extirpation.
• S2: Imperiled in Mississippi because of rarity or because of some factor(s) making it vulnerable to extirpation.
• S3: Rare or uncommon in Mississippi.
• S4: Widespread, abundant, and apparently secure in the state, but with cause for long-term concern.
• S5: Demonstrably widespread, abundant, and secure in the state.
• SH: Of historical occurrence in Mississippi, perhaps not verified in the past 20 years and suspected to be extant. An element would also be ranked SH if the only known occurrence(s) were destroyed, or if it had been sought extensively and unsuccessfully looked for. Upon verification of an extant occurrence, SH-ranked elements would typically receive an S1 rank.
• SU: Possibly in peril in Mississippi but status uncertain; need more information. May also be represented by S?.
• S?: Unranked: Element is not yet ranked in the state.
• SX: Element is believed to be extirpated from the state.
• SE: Exotic: An exotic established in the state; may be native in nearby regions (e.g. pecans along the eastern seaboard of the U.S.)
• SA: Accidental: accidental or casual in the state (i.e. in frequent and far outside usual range).
• SZ: Not of practical conservation concern in the state, because there are no established populations, although the taxon is native.
• SP: Potential: Element potentially occurs in the state but no occurrences reported.
• SR: Reported: Element reported in the state but without persuasive demonstration which would provide a basis for either accepting or rejecting (e.g. misidentified specimen) the report.
• SRF: Reported falsely: Element erroneously reported in the state and the error has persisted in the literature.
• HYB: Hybrid: Element represents hybrid of species.
• SSYN: Synonym
• Breeding Status: (Applicable to migratory species, mainly birds, but also includes sea turtles, some fish and some insects).
  • B = Breeding Status
  • N = Non-breeding Status
• Qualifiers:
  • ? = Inexact
  • C = Captive or Cultivated only

STATE STATUS: Seventy-six animals have been designated as state endangered through the Mississippi State Law, the Nongame and Endangered Species Conservation Act of 1974. Plants receive no formal legal protection by state law in Mississippi other than that provided for in the trespass laws.

FEDERAL STATUS: The following is a guide to acronyms taken from the Federal Register:

• LE - Endangered. A species which is in danger of extinction throughout all or a significant portion of its range.
• LT - Threatened. A species which is likely to become an endangered species within the foreseeable future throughout all or a significant portion of its range.
• C - Candidate Species. Species for which the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) currently has substantial information supporting the biological appropriateness of proposing to list as endangered or threatened. Proposed rules have not yet been issued because they have been precluded at present by other listing activity. Development and publication of proposed rules is anticipated, however, and the USFWS encourages federal agencies and other appropriate parties to give considerations to such taxa in environmental planning.
• C2 - Candidate Category 2. The USFWS identified Category 2 candidates as taxa for which information in the possession of the Service indicated that proposing to list as endangered or threatened was possibly appropriate, but for which sufficient data on biological vulnerability and threat were not currently available to support proposed rules. The quality of information varied greatly among the former Category 2 species, but they all shared one trait — sufficient information to justify issuance of a proposed rule was lacking. The designation of Category 2 species as candidates resulted in confusion about the conservation status of these taxa. To reduce that confusion, and to clarify that the USFWS does not regard these species as candidates for listing, the Service has discontinued the designation of Category 2 species as candidates. The USFWS remains concerned about these species, but further biological research and field study are needed to resolve the conservation status of these taxa. The Service encourages other Federal agencies to give consideration to these taxa in environmental planning.
• 3A - Subcategory 3A. Species for which the USFWS has persuasive evidence of extinction. If rediscovered, however, such taxa warrant high priority for addition to the List of Endangered and Threatened Wildlife.
• 3C - Subcategory 3C. Species that are now considered to be more abundant and/or widespread than previously thought. Should new information suggest that such taxon is experiencing a numerical or distributional decline, or is under a substantial threat, it may be considered for transfer to Category 1 or 2.

DESCRIPTION OF TIERS FOR SGCN

• Tier 1 - Species that are in need of immediate conservation action and/or research because of extreme rarity, restricted distribution, unknown or decreasing population trends, specialized habitat needs and/or habitat vulnerability. Some species may be considered critically imperiled and at risk of extinction/extirpation.
• Tier 2 - Species that are in need of timely conservation action and/or research because of rarity, restricted distribution, unknown or decreasing population trend, specialized habitat needs or habitat vulnerability or significant threats.
• Tier 3 - Species that are of less immediate conservation concern, but are in need of planning and effective management due to unknown or decreasing population trends, specialized habitat needs or habitat vulnerability.
• Tier 4 - Species listed as extirpated from Mississippi, of historical occurrence only, or accidental. While no conservation action or research is recommended at this time, these species remain a SGCN in the event that taxa may be rediscovered or reintroduced from populations existing outside the state.

DESCRIPTION OF EXISTENCE OF SPECIES BY ECOREGION HABITAT (EcoRgn Habitat)

• A - East Gulf Coastal Plain
• B - Mississippi River Alluvial Plain
• C - Northern Gulf of Mexico
• D - Upper East Gulf Coastal Plain

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Group  Name	Scientific Name	Common Name	Tier	EcoRgnHabitat	FedStatus	StateStatus	StateRank
Amphibians	Amphiuma pholeter	One-Toed Amphiuma	1	A		LE	S1
Amphibians	Cryptobranchus alleganiensis	Hellbender	1	D	(PS)		S1
Amphibians	Rana heckscheri	River Frog	1	A			S1
Amphibians	Rana sevosa	Mississippi Gopher Frog	1	A	LE	LE	S1
Amphibians	Aneides aeneus	Green Salamander	2	D		LE	S1
Amphibians	Eurycea lucifuga	Cave Salamander	2	D		LE	S1
Amphibians	Gyrinophilus porphyriticus	Spring Salamander	2	D		LE	S1
Amphibians	Hemidactylium scutatum	Four-Toed Salamander	2	AD			S1S2
Amphibians	Plethodon ventralis	Southern Zigzag Salamander	2	D			S2
Amphibians	Plethodon websteri	Webster's Salamander	2	D			S3
Amphibians	Pseudacris ornata	Ornate Chorus Frog	2	A			S1S2
Amphibians	Pseudotriton montanus	Mud Salamander	2	A			S2S3
Amphibians	Rana areolata	Crawfish Frog	2	D			S3
Amphibians	Bufo nebulifer	Gulf Coast Toad	3	ABCD			S3
Amphibians	Pseudacris brachyphona	Mountain Chorus Frog	3	D			S3
Amphibians	Pseudotriton ruber	Red Salamander	3	AD			S3
Amphibians	Ambystoma tigrinum	Tiger Salamander	4	D	(PS)		SH
Amphibians	Plethodon ainsworthi	Baysprings Salamander	4	A			SX
Group  Name	Scientific Name	Common Name	Tier	EcoRgnHabitat	FedStatus	StateStatus	StateRank
Birds	Charadrius alexandrinus tenuirostris	Southeastern Snowy Plover	1	AC		LE	S2
Birds	Charadrius wilsonia	Wilson's Plover	1	AC			S1
Birds	Coturnicops noveboracensis	Yellow Rail	1	ACD			S2N
Birds	Falco sparverius paulus	Southeastern American Kestrel	1	A			S3B, SZN
Birds	Grus canadensis pulla	Mississippi Sandhill Crane	1	A	LE	LE	S1
Birds	Haematopus palliatus	American Oystercatcher	1	AC			S1
Birds	Laterallus jamaicensis	Black Rail	1	ACD			S2N
Birds	Thryomanes bewickii	Bewick's Wren	1	ABD		LE	S2B, S3N
Birds	Aimophila aestivalis	Bachman's Sparrow	2	AD			S3B, S3S4N
Birds	Ammodramus henslowii	Henslow's Sparrow	2	A			S3N
Birds	Ammodramus leconteii	Le Conte's Sparrow	2	ABD			S3N
Birds	Ammodramus maritimus	Seaside Sparrow	2	AC	(PS)		S3
Birds	Ammodramus nelsoni	Nelson's Sharp-Tailed Sparrow	2	AC			S3N
Birds	Ammodramus savannarum	Grasshopper Sparrow	2	ABD	(PS)		S3B, S3N
Birds	Anas fulvigula	Mottled Duck	2	AC			S2B, S4N
Birds	Asio flammeus	Short-Eared Owl	2	ABCD			S3N
Birds	Calidris canutus	Red Knot	2	AC			S2N
Birds	Charadrius melodus	Piping Plover	2	ABCD	LE,LT	LE	S2N
Birds	Columbina passerina	Common Ground-Dove	2	ABD			S1S2
Birds	Dendroica cerulea	Cerulean Warbler	2	ACD			S2B, SZN
Birds	Egretta caerulea	Little Blue Heron	2	ABCD			S2B, SZN
Birds	Egretta rufescens	Reddish Egret	2	AC			S2N
Birds	Elanoides forficatus	Swallow-Tailed Kite	2	ABD			S2B
Birds	Eudocimus albus	White Ibis	2	ABCD			S2B, S3N
Birds	Euphagus carolinus	Rusty Blackbird	2	ABD			S2
Birds	Haliaeetus leucocephalus	Bald Eagle	2	ABCD	PS:LT	LE	S2B, S2N
Birds	Limnothlypis swainsonii	Swainson's Warbler	2	ABCD			S3S4N, SZB
Birds	Limosa fedoa	Marbled Godwit	2	AC			S2N
Birds	Mycteria americana	Wood Stork	2	ABD	PS:LE	LE	S2N
Birds	Passerina ciris	Painted Bunting	2	ABCD			S3S4B, SZN
Birds	Pelecanus occidentalis	Brown Pelican	2	AC	PS:LE	LE	S1N
Birds	Picoides borealis	Red-Cockaded Woodpecker	2	AD	LE	LE	S1
Birds	Rallus elegans	King Rail	2	ABCD			S3
Birds	Rynchops niger	Black Skimmer	2	ACD			S2B, S3N
Birds	Sterna antillarum	Least Tern	2	ACD	PS:LE		S3B, S3N
Birds	Sterna antillarum athalassos	Interior Least Tern	2	B	PS:LE	LE	S2B
Birds	Sterna maxima	Royal Tern	2	AC			S1B, S4N
Birds	Sterna nilotica	Gull-Billed Tern	2	ACD			S1B, S3S4N
Birds	Sterna sandvicensis	Sandwich Tern	2	AC			S1B, S4N
Birds	Anas acuta	Northern Pintail	3	ABCD			S4N
Birds	Anas rubripes	American Black Duck	3	ABCD			S2N
Birds	Anhinga anhinga	Anhinga	3	ABD			S3B, S1N
Birds	Aythya affinis	Lesser Scaup	3	ABCD			S4N
Birds	Botaurus lentiginosus	American Bittern	3	ABCD			S3N
Birds	Calidris alpina	Dunlin	3	ABCD			S4N
Birds	Calidris mauri	Western Sandpiper	3	ABCD			S4N
Birds	Caprimulgus carolinensis	Chuck-Will's-Widow	3	ABCD			S4B
Birds	Colinus virginianus	Northern Bobwhite	3	ABD	(PS)		S3S4
Birds	Dendroica discolor	Prairie Warbler	3	ABCD			S5B, SZN
Birds	Egretta thula	Snowy Egret	3	ABCD			S4B, S1N
Birds	Egretta tricolor	Tricolored Heron	3	ABCD			S2B, S1N
Birds	Helmitheros vermivorus	Worm-Eating Warbler	3	ABCD			S3B, SZN
Birds	Hylocichla mustelina	Wood Thrush	3	ABCD			S5B, SZN
Birds	Ixobrychus exilis	Least Bittern	3	ABCD			S3B
Birds	Lanius ludovicianus	Loggerhead Shrike	3	ABD			S4
Birds	Melanerpes erythrocephalus	Red-Headed Woodpecker	3	ABD			S4S5
Birds	Nycticorax nycticorax	Black-Crowned Night-Heron	3	ABCD			S3B, S4N
Birds	Nycticorax violaceus	Yellow-Crowned Night-Heron	3	ABCD			S3B, S1N
Birds	Oporornis formosus	Kentucky Warbler	3	ABCD			S5B, SZN
Birds	Pandion haliaetus	Osprey	3	ABCD			S3B,
Birds	Pelecanus erythrorhynchos	American White Pelican	3	ABCD			S3N
Birds	Piranga olivacea	Scarlet Tanager	3	ABCD			S2?B, SZN
Birds	Porphyrula martinica	Purple Gallinule	3	ABCD			S3B
Birds	Protonotaria citrea	Prothonotary Warbler	3	ABCD			S5B, SZN
Birds	Scolopax minor	American Woodcock	3	ABCD			S?
Birds	Seiurus motacilla	Louisiana Waterthrush	3	ABCD			S3B, SZN
Birds	Sitta pusilla	Brown-Headed Nuthatch	3	ABD			S4B
Birds	Tyto alba	Common Barn-Owl	3	ABD			S3
Birds	Campephilus principalis	Ivory-Billed Woodpecker	4	ABD	LE	LE	SX
Birds	Vermivora bachmanii	Bachman's Warbler	4	AC	LE	LE	SXB
Group  Name	Scientific Name	Common Name	Tier	EcoRgnHabitat	FedStatus	StateStatus	StateRank
Crustaceans	Fallicambarus burrisi	Burris' Burrowing Crawfish	1	A			S2
Crustaceans	Fallicambarus danielae	Speckled Burrowing Crayfish	1	A			S2
Crustaceans	Fallicambarus gordoni	Camp Shelby Burrowing Crawfish	1	A	C	LE	S1
Crustaceans	Hobbseus attenuatus	Pearl Rivulet Crayfish	1	D			S2
Crustaceans	Hobbseus cristatus	A Crayfish	1	D			S2?
Crustaceans	Hobbseus orconectoides	Oktibbeha Rivulet Crayfish	1	D			S1
Crustaceans	Hobbseus petilus	Tombigbee Rivulet Crayfish	1	D			S2
Crustaceans	Hobbseus valleculus	Choctaw Rivulet Crayfish	1	D			S1
Crustaceans	Hobbseus yalobushensis	A Crayfish	1	D			S2
Crustaceans	Orconectes hartfieldi	A Crayfish	1	A			S2
Crustaceans	Orconectes mississippiensis	A Crayfish	1	D			S2S3
Crustaceans	Procambarus barbiger	Jackson Prairie Crayfish	1	AD			S2
Crustaceans	Procambarus cometes	Mississippi Flatwoods Crayfish	1	D			S1
Crustaceans	Procambarus connus	Carrollton Crayfish	1	D			S1
Crustaceans	Procambarus fitzpatricki	Spiny-Tailed Crayfish	1	A			S2
Crustaceans	Procambarus lagniappe	Lagniappe Crayfish	1	D			S1
Crustaceans	Procambarus lylei	Shutispear Crayfish	1	D			S2
Crustaceans	Procambarus pogum	Bearded Red Crayfish	1	D			S1
Crustaceans	Cambarellus diminutus	Least Crayfish	2	A			S2
Crustaceans	Cambarellus lesliei	A Crayfish	2	A			S2
Crustaceans	Cambarus latimanus	A Crayfish	2	D			S1?
Crustaceans	Fallicambarus byersi	Lavender Burrowing Crayfish	2	A			S3
Crustaceans	Hobbseus prominens	A Crayfish	2	D			S2?
Crustaceans	Orconectes etnieri	A Crayfish	2	D			S3?
Crustaceans	Orconectes jonesi	A Crayfish	2	A			S3
Crustaceans	Procambarus ablusus	A Crayfish	2	D			S3
Crustaceans	Procambarus bivittatus	Ribbon Crayfish	2	A			S3
Crustaceans	Procambarus elegans	A Crayfish	2	D			S3?
Crustaceans	Procambarus hagenianus vesticeps	A Crayfish	2	D			S3S4
Crustaceans	Procambarus lecontei	Mobile Crayfish	2	A			S2
Crustaceans	Procambarus penni	Pearl Blackwater Crayfish	2	A			S3
Crustaceans	Cambarus girardianus	A Crayfish	3	D			S2
Crustaceans	Orconectes validus	A Crayfish	3	D			S1
Crustaceans	Procambarus shermani	A Crayfish	3	A			S?
Group  Name	Scientific Name	Common Name	Tier	EcoRgnHabitat	FedStatus	StateStatus	StateRank
Fish	Acipenser oxyrinchus desotoi	Gulf Sturgeon	1	ACD	LT	LE	S1
Fish	Alosa alabamae	Alabama Shad	1	ACD	C		S1
Fish	Crystallaria asprella	Crystal Darter	1	AD		LE	S1
Fish	Etheostoma raneyi	Yazoo Darter	1	D			S2
Fish	Etheostoma rubrum	Bayou Darter	1	A	LT	LE	S1
Fish	Etheostoma zonifer	Backwater Darter	1	D			S1
Fish	Notropis chalybaeus	Ironcolor Shiner	1	AB		LE	S1
Fish	Notropis melanostomus	Blackmouth Shiner	1	AD			S1S2
Fish	Noturus gladiator	Piebald Madtom	1	D		LE	S1
Fish	Noturus munitus	Frecklebelly Madtom	1	AD		LE	S2
Fish	Percina aurora	Pearl Darter	1	AD	C	LE	S1
Fish	Percina lenticula	Freckled Darter	1	AD			S2
Fish	Scaphirhynchus albus	Pallid Sturgeon	1	B	LE	LE	S1
Fish	Scaphirhynchus suttkusi	Alabama Sturgeon	1	D	LE	LE	S1
Fish	Ammocrypta meridiana	Southern Sand Darter	2	D			S3
Fish	Cottus carolinae	Banded Sculpin	2	D			S1
Fish	Cycleptus elongatus	Blue Sucker	2	ABD			S3
Fish	Cycleptus meridionalis	Southeastern Blue Sucker	2	AD			S3
Fish	Cyprinella callistia	Alabama Shiner	2	D			S2
Fish	Cyprinella galactura	Whitetail Shiner	2	D			S1
Fish	Cyprinella whipplei	Steelcolor Shiner	2	A			S3
Fish	Etheostoma blennioides	Greenside Darter	2	D		LE	S1
Fish	Etheostoma duryi	Black Darter	2	D			S1
Fish	Etheostoma kennicotti	Stripetail Darter	2	D			S2
Fish	Etheostoma lachneri	Tombigbee Darter	2	D			S3
Fish	Etheostoma nigripinne	Blackfin Darter	2	D			S2
Fish	Etheostoma zonistium	Bandfin Darter	2	D			S2
Fish	Fundulus dispar	Northern Starhead Topminnow	2	ABCD			S3
Fish	Fundulus euryzonus	Broadstripe Topminnow	2	A			S2
Fish	Fundulus jenkinsi	Saltmarsh Topminnow	2	AC	C		S3
Fish	Ichthyomyzon castaneus	Chestnut Lamprey	2	ABD			S2S3
Fish	Morone saxatilis	Striped Bass	2	ABCD			S1
Fish	Moxostoma anisurum	Silver Redhorse	2	D			S1
Fish	Moxostoma carinatum	River Redhorse	2	AD			S3
Fish	Moxostoma duquesnei	Black Redhorse	2	D			S1
Fish	Moxostoma macrolepidotum	Shorthead Redhorse	2	D			S1
Fish	Notropis amnis	Pallid Shiner	2	D			S3
Fish	Notropis boops	Bigeye Shiner	2	D		LE	S1
Fish	Notropis candidus	Silverside Shiner	2	D			S2
Fish	Notropis edwardraneyi	Fluvial Shiner	2	D			S1
Fish	Notropis micropteryx	Rosyface Shiner	2	D			S1
Fish	Noturus flavus	Stonecat	2	B			S1
Fish	Percina evides	Gilt Darter	2	D			S1
Fish	Percina phoxocephala	Slenderhead Darter	2	D		LE	S1
Fish	Phenacobius mirabilis	Suckermouth Minnow	2	D		LE	S1
Fish	Phoxinus erythrogaster	Southern Redbelly Dace	2	BD		LE	S2
Fish	Pteronotropis welaka	Bluenose Shiner	2	A			S3
Fish	Rhinichthys atratulus	Blacknose Dace	2	D			S1
Fish	Stizostedion sp 1	Southern Walleye	2	ABD			S1S2
Fish	Atractosteus spatula	Alligator Gar	3	ABCD			S2
Fish	Clinostomus funduloides	Rosyside Dace	3	D			S2
Fish	Cyprinella spiloptera	Spotfin Shiner	3	D			S2
Fish	Enneacanthus gloriosus	Bluespotted Sunfish	3	ACD			S3
Fish	Etheostoma asprigene	Mud Darter	3	ABD			S3
Fish	Etheostoma flabellare	Fantail Darter	3	D			S2
Fish	Etheostoma rufilineatum	Redline Darter	3	D			S2
Fish	Etheostoma rupestre	Rock Darter	3	D			S3
Fish	Heterandria formosa	Least Killifish	3	AC			S3
Fish	Hypentelium etowanum	Alabama Hog Sucker	3	D			S3
Fish	Ictiobus niger	Black Buffalo	3	ABD			S3
Fish	Lythrurus fasciolaris	Rosefin Shiner	3	D			S2S3
Fish	Moxostoma erythrurum	Golden Redhorse	3	AD			S3
Fish	Notropis sabinae	Sabine Shiner	3	D			S3
Fish	Percina kathae	Mobile Logperch	3	D			S3
Fish	Polyodon spathula	Paddlefish	3	ABD			S3
Fish	Stizostedion canadense	Sauger	3	ABD			S3
Fish	Stizostedion vitreum	Walleye	3	AD			S2?
Fish	Ambloplites rupestris	Rock Bass	4	D			SH
Fish	Ammocrypta clara	Western Sand Darter	4	D			SH
Fish	Leptolucania ommata	Pygmy Killifish	4	AC			SH
Fish	Macrhybopsis gelida	Sturgeon Chub	4	B			SH
Fish	Macrhybopsis meeki	Sicklefin Chub	4	B			SH
Fish	Noturus exilis	Slender Madtom	4	D		LE	SH
Fish	Platygobio gracilis	Flathead Chub	4	B			SH
Group  Name	Scientific Name	Common Name	Tier	EcoRgnHabitat	FedStatus	StateStatus	StateRank
Mammals	Myotis austroriparius	Southeastern Myotis	1	ABD			S1S2
Mammals	Ursus americanus luteolus	Louisiana Black Bear	1	ABD	LT	LE	S1
Mammals	Corynorhinus rafinesquii	Rafinesque's Big-Eared Bat	2	ABD			S3
Mammals	Lasiurus cinereus	Hoary Bat	2	BD	(PS)		S3
Mammals	Lasiurus intermedius	Northern Yellow Bat	2	A			S2?
Mammals	Myotis grisescens	Gray Myotis	2	AD	LE	LE	S1
Mammals	Myotis lucifugus	Little Brown Myotis	2	A			S3
Mammals	Myotis septentrionalis	Northern Myotis	2	D			S2?
Mammals	Peromyscus polionotus	Oldfield Mouse	2	ABD	(PS)		S2S3
Mammals	Spilogale putorius	Eastern Spotted Skunk	2	D			S2?
Mammals	Trichechus manatus	Manatee	2	AC	LE	LE	SZ
Mammals	Ursus americanus	Black Bear	2	D	(PS)	LE	S1
Mammals	Zapus hudsonius	Meadow Jumping Mouse	2	D	(PS)		S1
Mammals	Mustela frenata	Long-Tailed Weasel	3	AD			S?
Mammals	Lasionycteris noctivagans	Silver-Haired Bat	4	D			SA?
Mammals	Myotis sodalis	Indiana Or Social Myotis	4	D	LE	LE	SAN
Mammals	Puma concolor coryi	Florida Panther	4	ABD	LE	LE	SX
Group  Name	Scientific Name	Common Name	Tier	EcoRgnHabitat	FedStatus	StateStatus	StateRank
Mussels	Actinonaias ligamentina	Mucket	1	B		LE	S1
Mussels	Cyclonaias tuberculata	Purple Wartyback	1	D		LE	S1
Mussels	Elliptio arca	Alabama Spike	1	AD			S1S2
Mussels	Elliptio arctata	Delicate Spike	1	AD		LE	S1
Mussels	Elliptio dilatata	Spike	1	BD		LE	S1
Mussels	Epioblasma brevidens	Cumberlandian Combshell	1	D	LE,XN	LE	S1
Mussels	Epioblasma penita	Southern Combshell	1	D	LE	LE	S1
Mussels	Epioblasma triquetra	Snuffbox	1	D		LE	S1
Mussels	Fusconaia barnesiana	Tennessee Pigtoe	1	D			S1
Mussels	Lampsilis hydiana	Louisiana Fatmucket	1	A			S2?
Mussels	Lampsilis perovalis	Orange-Nacre Mucket	1	D	LT	LE	S1
Mussels	Lasmigona complanata alabamensis	Alabama Heelsplitter	1	D			S2
Mussels	Lexingtonia dolabelloides	Slabside Pearlymussel	1	D	C	LE	S1
Mussels	Ligumia recta	Black Sandshell	1	AD			S1
Mussels	Medionidus acutissimus	Alabama Moccasinshell	1	D	LT	LE	S1
Mussels	Obovaria jacksoniana	Southern Hickorynut	1	AD			S1
Mussels	Obovaria unicolor	Alabama Hickorynut	1	AD			S1S2
Mussels	Plethobasus cyphyus	Sheepnose	1	B		LE	S1
Mussels	Pleurobema decisum	Southern Clubshell	1	D	LE	LE	S1
Mussels	Pleurobema perovatum	Ovate Clubshell	1	D	LE	LE	S1
Mussels	Pleurobema rubrum	Pyramid Pigtoe	1	BD		LE	S1
Mussels	Potamilus capax	Fat Pocketbook	1	B	LE	LE	S1
Mussels	Quadrula cylindrica cylindrica	Rabbitsfoot	1	BD		LE	S1
Mussels	Strophitus connasaugaensis	Alabama Creekmussel	1	D			S1
Mussels	Anodontoides radiatus	Rayed Creekshell	2	A			S2
Mussels	Arcidens confragosus	Rock Pocketbook	2	BD			S2S3
Mussels	Ellipsaria lineolata	Butterfly	2	BD			S2S3
Mussels	Lampsilis cardium	Plain Pocketbook	2	AD			S3
Mussels	Lampsilis straminea straminea	Rough Fatmucket	2	D			S2
Mussels	Pleurobema beadleianum	Mississippi Pigtoe	2	AD			S3?
Mussels	Quadrula nodulata	Wartyback	2	BD			S3
Mussels	Quadrula rumphiana	Ridged Mapleleaf	2	D			S2
Mussels	Strophitus subvexus	Southern Creekmussel	2	D			S2
Mussels	Strophitus undulatus	Squawfoot	2	AD			S1
Mussels	Uniomerus caroliniana	Florida Pondhorn	2	A			S2
Mussels	Uniomerus declivis	Tapered Pondhorn	2	ABD			S2S3
Mussels	Lampsilis siliquoidea	Fatmucket	3	B			S3
Mussels	Lasmigona complanata complanata	White Heelsplitter	3	AD			S3
Mussels	Potamilus alatus	Pink Heelsplitter	3	D			S2
Mussels	Ptychobranchus fasciolaris	Kidneyshell	3	D		LE	S1
Mussels	Truncilla truncata	Deertoe	3	BD			S3
Mussels	Cyprogenia aberti	Western Fanshell	4	B			SH
Mussels	Medionidus mcglameriae	Tombigbee Moccasinshell	4	D			SX
Mussels	Pleurobema curtum	Black Clubshell	4	D	LE	LE	SX
Mussels	Pleurobema marshalli	Flat Pigtoe	4	D	LE	LE	SX
Mussels	Pleurobema taitianum	Heavy Pigtoe	4	D	LE	LE	SX
Mussels	Potamilus inflatus	Inflated Heelsplitter	4	D	LT	LE	SH
Mussels	Quadrula metanevra	Monkeyface	4	D		LE	SH
Mussels	Quadrula stapes	Stirrupshell	4	D	LE	LE	SX
Group  Name	Scientific Name	Common Name	Tier	EcoRgnHabitat	FedStatus	StateStatus	StateRank
Reptiles	Lepidochelys kempii	Kemp's or Atlantic Ridley	1	AC	LE	LE	S1N
Reptiles	Ophisaurus mimicus	Mimic Glass Lizard	1	A			S1?
Reptiles	Pituophis melanoleucus lodingi	Black Pine Snake	1	A	C	LE	S2
Reptiles	Pseudemys alabamensis	Alabama Redbelly Turtle	1	AC	LE	LE	S1
Reptiles	Rhadinaea flavilata	Pine Woods Snake	1	AC			S2S3
Reptiles	Caretta caretta	Loggerhead; Cabezon	2	AC	LT	LE	S1B, SZN
Reptiles	Crotalus adamanteus	Eastern Diamondback Rattlesnake	2	A			S3S4
Reptiles	Eumeces anthracinus pluvialis	Southern Coal Skink	2	AD			S2S3
Reptiles	Farancia erytrogramma	Rainbow Snake	2	AD		LE	S2
Reptiles	Gopherus polyphemus	Gopher Tortoise	2	AD	PS:LT	LE	S2
Reptiles	Graptemys flavimaculata	Yellow-Blotched Map Turtle	2	A	LT	LE	S2
Reptiles	Graptemys gibbonsi	Pascagoula Map Turtle	2	AD			S3
Reptiles	Graptemys nigrinoda	Black-Knobbed Map Turtle	2	D		LE	S2
Reptiles	Graptemys oculifera	Ringed Map Turtle	2	AD	LT	LE	S2
Reptiles	Graptemys pulchra	Alabama Map Turtle	2	D			S2S3
Reptiles	Lampropeltis calligaster calligaster	Prairie Kingsnake	2	B			S3S4
Reptiles	Lampropeltis calligaster rhombomaculata	Mole Kingsnake	2	AD			S2
Reptiles	Lampropeltis triangulum syspila	Red Milk Snake	2	BD			S3
Reptiles	Macrochelys temminckii	Alligator Snapping Turtle	2	ABCD			S3
Reptiles	Malaclemys terrapin pileata	Mississippi Diamondback Terrapin	2	AC			S2
Reptiles	Micrurus fulvius	Eastern Coral Snake	2	A			S3S4
Reptiles	Nerodia clarkii clarkii	Gulf Salt Marsh Snake	2	AC			S2
Reptiles	Ophisaurus attenuatus	Slender Glass Lizard	2	AD			S2S3
Reptiles	Regina rigida deltae	Delta Crayfish Snake	2	A			S2
Reptiles	Regina septemvittata	Queen Snake	2	AD			S2S3
Reptiles	Chelonia mydas	Green Turtle	3	AC	LE,LT	LE	SZN
Reptiles	Deirochelys reticularia miaria	Western Chicken Turtle	3	B			SU
Reptiles	Dermochelys coriacea	Leatherback; Tinglar	3	AC	LE	LE	SZN
Reptiles	Lampropeltis getula nigra	Black Kingsnake	3	D			S3
Reptiles	Masticophis flagellum	Eastern Coachwhip	3	AC			S3S4
Reptiles	Pituophis melanoleucus melanoleucus	Northern Pine Snake	3	D			SR
Reptiles	Regina rigida sinicola	Gulf Crayfish Snake	3	A			S3
Reptiles	Drymarchon couperi	Eastern Indigo Snake	4	A	LT	LE	SH
Reptiles	Eretmochelys imbricata	Hawksbill; Carey	4	AC	LE	LE	SZN
Reptiles	Heterodon simus	Southern Hognose Snake	4	AC		LE	SX

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